The Mediating Role of Diffuse-Avoidant Identity in the Relationship between Moral Intelligence and Family Functioning with Addiction Potentials of Male Adolescents

Introduction: Substance abuse is a major psychosocial disorder that causes irreparable physical and mental damage based on the different personal, social, and personality characteristics of each person. We aimed to investigate the mediating role of diffuse-avoidant identity in the relationship between moral intelligence and family functioning with addiction potentials of male adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, multistage cluster sampling was used to enroll 315 individuals among all male adolescents studying in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. The research instruments included the Addiction Potential Scale (APS), the Moral Intelligence Questionnaire (MIQ), the Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the Identity Style Inventory (ISI). The proposed model was assessed using structural equation modeling (SEM), and indirect relationships were examined using the bootstrapping method.  Results: The results revealed that addiction potentials significantly and negatively correlated with moral intelligence and family functioning. Moreover, addiction potentials significantly and positively correlated with diffuse-avoidant identity (P<0.01). The direct paths from all variables (except that from family functioning) to addiction potential were significant (P<0.01). Also, diffuse-avoidant identity meditated the relationships of moral intelligence and family functioning with addiction potential (P<0.01). Conclusion: The proposed model fitted the data well; therefore, the results considerably improved our understanding of factors affecting addiction potential among male adolescents

Factor structure and validity of Cognitive adjustment as an indicator of psychological health at work

Background and aims: Mental health has been defined as one of the basic principles of psychological health. Mental health along with mental experience of anxiety and calmness should also assess the individual’s performance at work. The main aim of the current study was to carry out factor analysis and validation of the questionnaire for cognitive adjustment at work. Methods: The research scheme utilized by the study is the methodology approach and the study is a Methodological. The statistical population of the study include all the students at Yasouj Medical University, from which 215 participants were selected using the convenient sampling method as the sample of the study. Then, the questionnaire of cognitive adjustment at work, developed by Malo, Tremblay, and Brunet, was distributed among the sample. This scale was translated into Persian and then re-translated into English. Some experts studied the questionnaire to determine the cultural sensitivities, the clarity of questions, the number of differences and errors in meaning construction. Results: The findings showed that Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.87 for the whole questionnaire and varied from 0.76 to 0.81 for subscales. All items had acceptable correlation. The test-retest results indicated the stability of the questionnaire of students' attitude toward police and its subscales. The exploratory factor analysis indicated 3 acceptable subscales. Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of the work environment cognitive adjustment questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity. In order to measure working mental health along with the components of psychological health, it can be used the questionnaire with Iranian samples

Effects of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on Behavioral Problems of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Iran

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an important behavioral disorder that causes considerable individual and social difficulties, creating significant emotional distress for preschoolers and their caretakers. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) on behavioral problems of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: This was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study with an experimental and a control group. The statistical population comprised all children aged 5-12 years visiting psychology and psychiatry clinics in Ahvaz (Iran) in 2020 who were diagnosed with ADHD by specialists. A sample of 30 children was conveniently selected and randomly allocated to experimental and control groups (n= 15 per group). The research instrument was The Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4). Analysis of covariance in SPSS-24 was used to analyze the data. Results: In the post-test, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of ADHD signs and symptoms was 28.33 ± 4.65 in the experimental group and 32.67 ± 3.65 in the control group. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the research variables (symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and separation anxiety disorder) (P<0.001). Conclusion: As the findings supported the effectiveness of PCIT on the behavioral problems of children with ADHD, workshops are recommended to be held on the treatment of behavioral problems in these children and their parents

Effects of Brain Gym Exercises and Filial Play Therapy on Emotion Management Skills of Students with Specific Learning Disorder

Background: Students with learning disabilities experience cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social problems. The present study aimed to investigate the role of brain gym exercises and filial play therapy on students with specific learning disorders (SLD) emotion management skills.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted through a pretest-posttest–follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with SLD and their mothers in Tehran, Iran within 2020-2021 period. The convenience sampling method was employed to select 45 students with SLD, who were then randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The participants in the first experimental group received brain gym exercises, whereas those in the second experimental group attended a filial play therapy intervention. The participants in the control group received no intervention. The Children’s Emotional Management Scale (CEMS) was used to collect data. The ANCOVA was then adopted for data analysis.Results: The mean±SD of the post-test scores of inhibition, dysregulation, and coping in the brain gym exercises group were 21.73±2.84, 20.00±2.82, and 23.13±3.37, respectively. Moreover, the mean±SD of the post-test scores of inhibition, dysregulation, and coping in the filial play therapy group were 20.53±3.44, 21.53±2.10, and 22.80±3.74, respectively, which were significantly different from the control groups. The results showed that both brain gym exercises and filial play therapy were effective in improving emotion management skills (i.e., inhibition, dysregulation, and coping) in students with SLD (P<0.001). Furthermore, these two interventions had no significant differences regarding their effects on emotion management skills.Conclusions: It can be concluded that brain gym exercises and filial play therapy help improve emotion management skills in students with SLD

Correlation of Stress Coping Strategies and Social Compromise with Empowerment through Cognitive Emotion Regulation Mediation in Head-of-Household Women

Background: Social compromise is one of the principal components of mental health in head-of-household women. Empowerment and promotion of cognitive emotion regulation are critical in social compromise. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between stress coping strategies and social compromise with empowerment through the mediation role of cognitive emotion regulation in head-of-household women.Methods: In this descriptive and correlational study, the statistical population comprises all head-of-household women in Yasuj, Iran in 2021, of whom 258 were selected through convenient sampling. The research instruments included the Psychological Empowerment Scale, the Adjustment Inventory, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the statistical correlation method and structural equation modeling in SPSS and AMOS version 25.Results: The mean and standard deviation of social compromise, problem-focused strategies, emotion-focused strategies, avoidance strategies, adaptive emotion regulation, maladaptive emotion regulation, and empowerment were 14.22±4.60,16.11±4.71, 22.02±5.16, 23.65±4.88, 25.35±10.19, 20.34±8.14, and 39.25±10.84, respectively. The results showed a significant correlation between stress-coping strategies and social compromise with empowerment (P<0.001). Furthermore, the correlation between stress coping strategies and social compromise with empowerment was significant through the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.001). The results showed that the final model fit well (CFI=0.99, RMSEA=0.028).Conclusion: The proposed model had a desirable fitting. The head-of-household women who have social compromise when facing problems can deal with the stress caused by problems through sympathy and consulting with others, as well as using stress coping strategies, and as a result of this empowerment, they enjoy sufficient mental health

Promotion of prehospital emergency care through clinical decision support systems: opportunities and challenges

Clinical decision support systems are interactive computer systems for situational decision making and can improve decision efficiency and safety of care. We investigated the role of these systems in enhancing prehospital care. This narrative review included full-text articles published since 2000 that were available in databases/e-journals including Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Search keywords included “clinical decision support system,” “decision support system,” “decision support tools,” “prehospital care,” and “emergency medical services.” Non-journal articles were excluded. We revealed 14 relevant studies that used such a support system in prehospital emergency medical service. Owing to the dynamic nature of emergency situations, decision timing is critical. Four key factors demonstrated the ability of clinical decision support systems to improve decision-making, reduce errors, and improve the safety of prehospital emergency activity: computer-based, offer support as a natural part of the workflow, provide decision support in the time and place of decision making, and offer practical advice. The use of clinical decision support systems in prehospital care resulted in accurate diagnoses, improved patient triage and patient outcomes, and reduction of prehospital time. By improving emergency management and rescue operations, the quality of prehospital care will be enhanced

Design and Development of a Multisensory Real-Time Monitoring Platform for Ultrafast Laser Engraving Process

Process online monitoring is a vital and integral part of high-speed laser scribing process in which speed and quality are paramount. In this study, a multi-sensory platform for real-time monitoring of the ultrafast pulsed laser engraving process has been developed. Four different sensors have been examined from various perspectives and the results have been analyzed and compared. The real-time monitoring system developed for this study consisted of IPG ytterbium pulsed fiber laser, scan head, illumination system, and four monitoring sensors, including a spectrometer, pyrometer, infrared (IR) camera, and high-speed camera. Various experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the designed platform by applying each sensor to monitor a high-speed laser scribing process in real-time. The output of each sensor was analyzed by changing different laser and process parameters, such as laser power, focal position, beam speed, and pulse length. Strengths, weaknesses, and challenges of using each monitoring tool for the laser engraving process were discussed based on the obtained results

Color Laser Marking: Repeatability, Stability and Resistance Against Mechanical, Chemical and Environmental Effects

In this paper, utilizing the technology of color laser marking of stainless steel in industrial productions is investigated from the perspective of repeatability and stability of produced color markings. The color laser marking has remarkable advantages over conventional metal coloring methods; however, in order to implement this technology in industry, the reliability, stability and quality of resulting markings must be endorsed. For this purpose, an AISI 304 color palette made up of fifteen colors was evolved. The dependence of produced colors on different laser processing parameters were analyzed. Afterward, the produced colors were tested utilizing optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, and the configuration of oxide films was specified through Raman spectroscopy. The obtained colors had proper uniformity, brightness, and cover almost all spectral regions. Also, color standardization and palette repeatability test were performed by assessing and evaluating the reflectance spectra of the formed colors. The color palette demonstrated high repeatability for all colors except for one specific color. Moreover, the stability of color markings in terms of environmental, mechanical and chemical resistance was investigated. The resulting colors showed high resistance in most of the environmental conditions; however, exposure to very high temperatures and extreme humidity ( 100∘C , 90%) and low temperature and extreme humidity ( −40∘C , 90%) leads to deterioration of few colors. Color marks showed high hardness and excellent mechanical stability to external impacts and outstanding resistance to various chemicals, excluding acidic solutions and salts.</p

Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA H19 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Objective: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has essential roles in growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis ofmost cancers. H19 dysregulation is present in a large number of solid tumors and leukemia. However, the expressionlevel of H19 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has not been elucidated yet. The current study aimed to exploreH19 expression in ALL patients and cell lines. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in bone marrow (BM) samples collected from 25patients with newly diagnosed ALL. In addition, we cultured the RPMI-8402, Jurkat, Ramos, and Daudi cell linesand assessed the effects of internal (hypoxia) and external (chemotherapy medications L-asparaginase [ASP] andvincristine [VCR]) factors on h19 expression. The expressions of H19, P53, c-Myc, HIF-1α and β-actin were performedusing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. Results: There was significantly increased H19 expression in the B-cell ALL (B-ALL, P<0.05), T-cell ALL (T-ALL,P<0.01) patients and the cell lines. This upregulation was governed by the P53, HIF-1α, and c-Myc transcriptionfactors. We observed that increased c-Myc expression induced H19 expression; however, P53 adversely affected H19expression. In addition, the results indicated that chemotherapy changed the gene expression pattern. There was aconsiderable decrease in H19 expression after exposure to chemotherapy medications; nonetheless, hypoxia inducedH19 expression through P53 downregulation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that H19 may have an important role in pathogenesis in ALL and may act as apromising and potential therapeutic target

Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Ultra-Fast Laser Engraving Process Utilizing Spectrometer

The objective of this study was to develop a novel real-time monitoring and control method for ultra-fast laser scribing processes utilizing spectrometer. Adjustment of laser process parameters such as laser power with high precision in real-time is critical in the laser engraving process due to the premium quality and speed requirements of the process. An online monitoring system was established using the Ocean Optics spectrometer, IPG ytterbium pulsed laser, and PXIe-8880 industrial computer. An algorithm for real-time control of the laser scribing process was developed based on the monitoring outcomes using LabVIEWⓇ software. Experimental methods were performed to evaluate the reliability of the developed monitoring system and control algorithm. The sensitivity of the spectrometer was assessed by changing laser power, pulse length, and focal point position. A workpiece consisting of two different metals, including stainless steel SS304L and steel S355, was used to evaluate the performance of the developed algorithm when scribing moved from one material to another. Instant accurate setting of the laser power based on the variations in intensities of metals from 750 AU to 1400 AU validated the reliability of the algorithm.</p